A dimming value is simply the percentage of maximum luminous flux to which an LED must be dimmed. It converts the coordinates into appropriate dimming values for each LED channel. In color mixing applications, the firmware inputs values in CIE chromaticity coordinate form. In color mixing algorithm, the firmware calculates what these values should be to derive the color stimulus Q. In this space, a color stimulus Q appears as a multi-stimulus vector (RQ, GQ, BQ, and AQ). The space defined by R, G, B, and A is called multi-stimulus space. The direction and length is obtained by simple vector equation defined by Equation 1. Its four components are located along the axes defined by R, G, B, and A, and have lengths respectively equal to RQ, GQ, BQ, and AQ, the multi-stimulus values of Q. The vector Q has the same origin as R, G, B, and A. They have a common origin and point in four different directions. The unit vectors R, G, B, and A represent the primary stimuli, defining the space. The geometric representation of Equation 1 in linear multi- dimensional space is shown in Figure 1. In multi-dimensional space, a color stimulus Q is represented by the multi-stimulus vector Q where the scalar multipliers RQ, GQ, BQ, AQ measured in terms of the assigned respective units of given primary stimuli R, G, B, and A respectively are called multi-stimulus values of Q. The goal of modeling is to minimize formulation complexity and the number of variables while maximizing “substance” and breadth of coverage. Similar to any other mathematical representations of physical phenomenon, color models can be expressed in different ways. It is conceived that primary colors are completely independent from each other and sets of colors that can be combined to generate a useful range (gamut) of colors. Primary colors are not a fundamental property of light but are often related to the psychophysical response of the eye to light. Science behind color mixing & multi stimulus space This article will explain the science behind color mixing, including the mathematical equations involved and how to implement them efficiently. Color mixing is essentially a process where a secondary color is generated by mixing the appropriate proportion of base primary colors. One of the advantages of HB LEDs is their ability to generate different colors, opening a new dimension to the world of decorative lighting. High Brightness (HB) LEDs continue to increase in popularity due to the numerous advantages they offer when compared to the conventional lighting solutions.
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